Essay Sample on the War on Terror Deterrence or Compellence

Paper Sample on the War on Terror Deterrence or Compellence Presentation: A War on Terror is a troublesome thing to characterize, due mostly to its ambiguity and its unsparing use as an expository gadget to legitimize any military activity executed by the U.S post-9/11. On the off chance that it must be characterized in the manner it appears to have been proposed, it could be as a lot of activities pointed †or indicated to be pointed †at dispensing with or diminishing psychological oppression on the planet. The word psychological oppression is commonly characterized as the conscious creation and misuse of dread through brutality or its danger. To comprehend whether the War on Terror is discouragement or compellence or neither there must be a specified meaning of prevention and compellence. Discouragement is the danger of power made by an on-screen character with the point of keeping a foe from participating in a specific game-plan; though compellence is the danger of power made by an entertainer with the point of convincing a foe to fix something previously done or start a specific strategy . Is the War on Terror Deterrence or Compellence? The War on Terror has a few qualities that look like prevention. One of them is the adversarys want to take part in an unfortunate (to the individuals who wish to stop) activity. In any case, since the two sides present a totally different image of the real world, of their own inborn goodness and the others natural disagreeableness, it is practically difficult to decide with assurance whether the foe does in actuality mean to do what bountiful publicity endeavors endeavor to persuade individuals that they do; making it epistemically more secure to decide whether one side sees the different as being going to participate in the dreaded activity, as opposed to whether they are dispassionately going to take part in that activity. A significant enemy for this situation is al Qaeda, and the U.S has demonstrated its confidence in al Qaedas aim to execute the unfortunate activities (fear mongering), and has done a lot to underline this plan: were occupied with a worldwide war against a foe that undermines every single edified country. Our foes have straightforwardly proclaimed that they are looking for weapons of mass devastation, and proof shows that they are doing as such earnestly. Through this system, al Qaeda and its partners expect to make various, decentralized working bases over the world, from which they can design new assaults, and advance their vision of a brought together, extremist Islamic express that can go up against and inevitably pulverize the free world. The Iranian system and its psychological oppressor intermediaries have shown their readiness to execute Americans (accentuations mine) Different similitudes to prevention that are shown by the War on Terror are the exhibit of American military capacity and readiness to utilize that capacity, which fill numerous needs including setting up believability; and articulations of the expectation to rebuff psychological oppressor assaults, which have been made unequivocally and verifiably. The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan might be viewed as understood tokens of the discipline anticipating the individuals who compromise American force, just as shows of American military ability, however they have had their constraints in filling those needs. Express proclamations of American readiness and physical capacity have been made out in the open locations, for instance: we won't rest, we won't retreat, and we won't pull back from the battle, until this danger to human advancement has been evacuated. Express affirmation is made of discouragement as a system in the War on Terror, yet it is just one of numerous techniques remembered for the war, not a portrayal of the war itself: another prevention math consolidates the need to hinder psychological militants and supporters from pondering a WMD assault and, bombing that, to deter them from really leading an assault. Has it Succeeded? Regardless of whether the War on Terror has worked for its expressed purposes †American protection and making the world more liberated and progressively serene †would rely on whether the U.S is more secure now than it was before its starting, and whether any piece of the world is more liberated or more secure as an outcome. As per their own National Intelligence Estimate America isn't more secure . By tying up their assets in Iraq and Afghanistan, they diminish their own believability. The War on Terror might be viewed as something of a disappointment in such matters. Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan and different places straightforwardly affected by the War on Terror have likewise not been freed. The undemocratic Musharraf system has been upheld; Iraq has gotten progressively fierce, caught Iraqis have been tormented and fear mongering has gotten increasingly uncontrolled there. Relations with Iran are falling apart, and numerous on the planet dread the U.S more than fear monge ring. In such matters too the War in Iraq appears to have been a disappointment. The War on Terror as Defensive: The War on Terror is a preventive protective methodology. This includes prevention/compellence yet isn't restricted to it, the same number of the methodologies it envelops fall outside the rubric of discouragement/compellence. For instance, attempting to forestall reserves arriving at psychological oppressors, democratizing however much of the world as could reasonably be expected and utilizing monetary prizes are portions of the War on Terror, yet are neither compellence nor discouragement. The technique for battling fear based oppression is isolated into five segments: propelling vote based system, forestalling psychological oppressor assaults, denying haven to psychological militants, denying fear based oppressors power over countries and building establishments to help battle fear mongering . The second is apparently preventive barrier, the third might be deciphered to be so as may the fourth. The first and the fifth don't include simply the utilization of power, and don't fall i nto the classifications of guard, compellence, discouragement or strutting. It is conceivable that the war is hostility blended in with guard, with the guise of being altogether cautious. This would be upheld by the perception that one and conceivably another war has been started by the U.S without incitement, and explanations have been made coolly that demonstrate a readiness to dismiss the sway of different states, national honesty and human rights . End: The War on Terror in general doesn't give off an impression of being compellence or prevention, however protection blended in with animosity; while a portion of the moves inside it †specifically the war in Iraq and Americas expanding antagonistic vibe toward Iran †are hindrance. The war in Iraq is an instance of bombed discouragement, however the thought processes and results in the circumstance are intricate. American activities in the War on Terror are going about as exhibitions of influence in certain regards, just as debilitating in others (loss of fighters, vehicles, fuel, cash and so on.). They may be imparting dread in certain on-screen characters on the planet, but on the other hand are exciting scorn and outrage among others, huge numbers of whom are not handily scared.

Catherin the great essays

Catherin the incredible articles History 120, Section 4 Russell Smith One of the most intriguing, dedicated and influential individuals to effortlessness the pages of history during the eighteenth century was Catherine II, Empress of Russia. History specialists have not generally been so kind to her memory, and very regularly one peruses records of her private life, overlooking her numerous accomplishments. The tales of her relationships have been excessively misjudged and can be followed to a bunch of French essayists in the years following Catherine's passing, when Republican France was battling for its life against an alliance that included Russia. Catherine was conceived Sophia Augusta Frederika of Anhalt-Zerbst on April 21, 1729 in Stettin, at that point Germany, presently Poland. Her dad, Prince Christian Augustus of Anhalt-Zerbst, was a high-positioning official in the Prussian Army and a minor ruler among the realms in Germany. He wedded the a lot more youthful Princess Johanna of Holstein-Gottorp. A long time previously, Johanna's sibling Karl August of Holstein-Gottorp had gone to Russia to wed the Princess Elizabeth Petrovna. Anyway the Prince kicked the bucket of little pox, leaving Elizabeth heart-broken. Elizabeth's sister, Anna brought forth a child named Peter Ulrich, anyway disaster indeed struck as Anna's kicked the bucket of tuberculosis three months in the wake of bringing forth Peter. Dwindle, who in the end became Tsar Peter III, was the main enduring male descendent and the possibly beneficiary to the seat of Russia after his dad kicked the bucket. In November 1741, Elizabeth held onto the seat with the assistance of the Imperial Guards, and officially pronounced her nephew Peter beneficiary to the seat. Diminish was presently 14 years of age, and it was the ideal opportunity for him to discover a lady of the hour. Elizabeth had consistently recollected the group of her dead life partner with affection, and picked Sophie as the lady to be. The Empress Elizabeth appeared to have taken a moment jumping at the chance to Sophie at an early age. Sophie started to gain proficiency with the Russian language and ... <!

Riot Round-Up The Best Books of 2014

Riot Round-Up The Best Books of 2014 We challenged our  contributors to pick their single favorite book  published this year.  The result is this huge, not-small, very big and very eclectic list! We think its hella fine, and hope youll leave your favorite book of 2014 in the comments!    Brown Girl Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson This book is getting a lot of attention recently due to some less than favorable situations that occurred at the National Book Awards. However, the one plus side to that has been the fact that so many more people have been exposed to Brown Girl Dreaming. I was not prepared at all for what this book was. I went into it with slight hesitation. I don’t read a lot of middle grade books. I am not extremely comfortable with books written in verse. But everything about this book was perfection. Jacqueline Woodson’s experiences are so real and honest and provide such insight into the life of a young black girl growing up in the South in the 1960s. I have been shoving this book into people’s hands since I’ve read it and I can see myself continuing to do so for a long, long time. -Rincey Abraham    The Girl With All the Gifts by M.R. Carey This is one of those books that gives away very little at the outset.  You have a very limited view of the events that are occurring and an even narrower view of the world in which those events take place. What you do have is insight of a very special little girl named Melanie. I could spend a lot of time and space explaining the intricacies of the world that she lives in, but I wouldn’t want to deprive any of you of the wonder that comes with experiencing the world through her eyes. It’s a dangerous place, but then she’s not exactly safe to be around, either.  The book is suspenseful, violent, and dark, but it is also full of innocence. It charts the beginning of a new world, and Melanie is the one who will show us how to survive in it. -Cassandra Neace   Thunderstruck by Elizabeth McCracken Elizabeth McCracken is a national treasure, and every new book from her is a cause for celebration. Especially this, her first collection of short stories in twenty years! Thunderstruck is nine stories that combine melancholy and humor, and have more hopes dashed than dashes of hope. But that is what makes her writing so perfect, so real. The stories are full of the most precise, beautiful sentences recounting slightly dark or tragic events. There’s grieving mothers, murdered library patrons, disappointing children each story is a brilliant tale with a gothic sheen. To recap: I love her. Elizabeth McCracken’s books are rare astrological events that happen once every several years, and should not be missed. And if two decades is what she needs to produce another collection like this, I can’t wait for 2034. -Liberty Hardy   The Bone Clocks by David Mitchell I put a lot of pressure on this book to be great. Mitchell is on my living-authors Mt. Rushmore, so while I’m probably predisposed to adore his every published word, each new release has a whole lot to live up to. For me, The Bone Clocks rose to the challenge. The novel follows a young girl named Holly through the tumultuous, fantastical decades of her life, while in typical Mitchell fashion weaving into the central narrative snatches of other characters’ stories, all of which orbit Holly in significant ways. Mitchell is a master of planting seeds early in novels that take their sweet time sprouting, so I won’t say more about the plot, but I can tell you that the sprouts are worth it. If the book is flawed, its flaws are born of high-wire-act ambition, always worth the price of admission. The Bone Clocks is a big book in every sense of the word, and it carried the weight of all my expectations straight to the top of the very steep mountain that is my list of wonderful books i n 2014. -Josh Corman   My Salinger Year by Joanna Rakoff My Salinger Year is the story of Joanna Rakoff’s first year out of college, when she became an assistant at the literary agency that represented J.D. Salinger. This book is a coming-of-age memoir with a literary industry twist, the story of a woman working and realizing her own creative aspirations. But it’s not all insider reporting from the literary world it’s also insufficient funds, bad boyfriends, friendship angst, and cold New York winters. I read it in one day nearly in one sitting on a flight from the west coast to the east; I didn’t want to leave the world that Rakoff captured, and when the book ended, it was with such love, such care, such a tender touch that I wished I could talk to my seatmate about it. -Dana Staves   Yes Please  by Amy Poehler My reasons are a little biased and really personal to my reading experience. The night of Amy Poehler’s book event in Boston, I had to make a therapy appointment because my depression was getting out of control again. Yes Please became that right book at the right time, like that song that shows up on the radio right when you’re feeling angry or upset or even happy. Reading the book was like its own sort of therapy for me, which says a lot, given that I hadn’t felt the “reading bug” for weeks and weeks. -Amanda Diehl    Land of Love and Drowning by Tiphanie Yanique This novel knocked the breath out of me when I first read it, and I’ve been thinking about it and returning to it for months since. Through a story about two sisters who lose their parents in a shipwreck and are left to navigate life largely on their own, Yanique shows us the Virgin Islands in the early twentieth century, a nation in transition viewed through the lens of a family bound by magic and curses and the simple tragedy of being human. This is a book that makes its own gravity; Yanique’s gorgeous sentences and captivating characters took hold of me and refused to let go, while the ideas they challenged me to explore demanded that I read slowly and paused often. This is a book about family and history and sex and culture and the hunger for a life that is bigger, richer, fuller, longer. It’s about how we are beautiful, and how we are broken. This is a book that does what great books are meant to do, and it’s one that reminded me why I read and why books matter. -Rebecca Joines Schinsky   Guy in Real Life by Steve Brezenoff: I almost feel as though my selection for Best Book of 2014 is unfair. I’ve been talking about this delightful Young Adult novel non-stop throughout the year, and pretty much knew it was my favorite book of 2014 back in the Spring when I had an ARC. I’m sorry, other books released this year. You didn’t stand a chance. The first thing that pulled me into this book was the flawless cover, which reminded me of the golden days of playing games like Quest for Glory, King’s Quest, Space Quest… basically all of those Sierra Quest-ish games on the PC, that I adored as a kid and played as a teenager. And the story, of two geeks that bond over RPGS and MMOS over the course of a narrative full of geeky charm… I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again: it felt like this book was written just for me. And the confusion that the quirky, nerdy characters feel throughout the novel, what they want, their struggles with identity and their future… it all feels so very real, even when the narrative takes you into the realms of games they are playing. In fact, sometimes that’s where things feel the most real. So yes. Best Book of 2014, right here. Go buy it.  -Eric Smith   The Book of Strange New Things by Michel Faber The best science-fiction isn’t about the future, it’s about the essence of humanity. I could easily try and sell you on this book by bringing up its sci-fi plot points, an alien race, a collapsing Earth, and all that. They’re all expertly done, but what makes this book transcend into the upper echelon of sci-fi is its look into one man’s heart. Faber’s novel set on a planet being colonized by a huge corporation has the unlikely subjects of religious faith, marriage, addiction, compassion, and serving the greater good. It takes on these big philosophical issues in a story that manages to both unfold slowly and move breathlessly forward. It’s a book that takes root in your heart and stays there for a long while. -Jessica Woodbury Everything I Never Told You by Celeste Ng Lydia, a favorite teenaged daughter to a Chinese father and a white mother, dies in the first sentence. The rest of the book is about how that happened, the family secrets and pressures and heartbreaks that led to it happening, and all the things we never admit to the ones we love, or to ourselves. This is a heavy consideration of race, gender, and family, wrapped up in a mystery that will keep you turning the pages until you look up and wonder how you read that entire book in one sitting. -Amanda Nelson The Three-Body Problem by Cixin Liu The Three-Body Problem, already a huge hit in China, is now the very first Chinese science fiction novel available for English-language readers. Here, Liu asks us to imagine what life was like during China’s Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and then apply that knowledge of intellectual harassment and violent suppression to the present-day, and to an opportunity to make first contact with an alien race. Should the human race resist such a meeting, or welcome the aliens with open arms, in the hope that otherworldly brains can save humanity from its self-destructive tendencies? And there’s so much more: physics, math, astrophysics, a virtual-reality “game” in which people try to solve the “three-body problem,” and all written so that a non-science person like me can understand it. Add to that Ken Liu’s beautiful, elegant translation. The Dark Forest, the next novel in the trilogy, is out in English next year. -Rachel Cordasco   Red or Dead by David Peace Way back in March I picked Red or Dead  as my favorite book of the month. Even though it’s been eight months worth of reading since then, I am still going to pick Red or Dead as my favorite book of 2014. It’s the kind of book that sticks with you (literally). David Peace’s writing reverberates in your head, pulling you along headfirst into the story of Manager Bill Shankly and the Liverpool Football Club from 1959 1974. This sounds like a book for sports fans, right? And it is. But that is not all it is. No, sir. Red or Dead  is a feat of  writing. The manner in which Peace shares this history with us is just as important as the story itself. It’s not often that writing can transport you through style. Peace more than just succeeds in this. He excels. He uses cadence and repetition and staccato rhythm and all of a sudden he puts us in the stands, in Bill’s home, in the locker room. We are at home, at Anfield. LI-VER-POOL, LI-VER-POOL, LI-VER-POOL. -Preeti Chhibber   Being Mortal  by Atul Gawande Being Mortal is a thought-provoking book confronting the difficult topics of aging and death. While it might sound morbid, Gawande writes beautifully and eloquently on the subject, discussing how we do ourselves and our parents and grandparents a disservice by not discussing death more openly. Gawande views the subject of elder care and death through a unique cultural lens because of his South Asian background, but also discusses it in his professional capacity as a surgeon. He writes compassionately but also convincingly about how we must change our views on mortality, relating his own difficult experiences watching his father’s decline. It’s a gorgeous, moving book that should be required reading for anyone and everyone. -Swapna Krishna   The Best Horror Of The Year: Volume 6  by Ellen Datlow Ellen Datlow is a remarkable name in fiction. To my knowledge, I’ve never read a single piece of fiction by her (I don’t know that she’s written any) but all I have to do is see  Edited by Ellen Datlow on a cover of an anthology, and I will buy it on the spot, sight-unseen. There are many amazing editors in the world, but in my humble opinion, she tops them all. I doubt I’d get much argument on this point. Her eye for horror fiction is particularly astute (it links up to my own tastes very well), and this year it’s as razor sharp as ever. Best Horror of the Year 6 contains stories by people like Neil Gaiman, Kim Newman, Nina Allan and Brian Hodge, and every story is excellent. They vary from each other, they are deep and intelligent and very definitely horror. Her record for editing staggering anthologies continues unabated. This is well worth your time. On a personal note, my copy was given to me by the Book Rioters who descended on the Book Expo America last year (Book Rioters are the best people in the world. You know this.) It is signed and personalized to me. I cannot convey how I geeked out about that. I’ve been a fan of Ellen Datlow since I was 15 or so. This anthology is a thing I will grab if the house catches on fire. -Peter Damien   Station Eleven by Emily St. John Mandel There are very few books that I read where I’m hooked by the first chapter. It usually takes me a quarter to a third of the book to settle in and know I’m in it for the long haul. SometimesI get shivers just thinking about itsometimes I pick up a book, though, and know immediately. I know that I will sit and read that book until it’s done in one go. I know that I will have a book hangover with the same great and damaging effects as 14 shots of tequila. I know that I will underline and dogear my way through the whole book (something I don’t normally do). Station Eleven was that book for me this year. -Nikki Steele   Stone Mattress: Nine Tales by Margaret Atwood Ive been a long-time Atwood fan, but I wasnt sure what to expect with Stone Mattress (mainly because I was just coming off the heels of reading the the last book in the MaddAddam trilogy, which is very different, thematically). However, I think I may have enjoyed Stone Mattress even more than previous books: there is a delightfully sinister undercurrent threaded throughout the stories, which explore the darkest and saddest parts of human existence in relatable, almost mundane contexts. I wont go into too much detail about the contents of the nine individual stories, but rest assured they will leave you nodding with understanding, gasping in surprise, and reveling in the mastery of Atwoods use of language and emotion. Rita Meade The Angel of Losses  by Stephanie Feldman It’s weird to say, but I read my favorite book of 2014 in 2013. Just about a year ago, I picked The Angel of Losses up, somewhat randomly, and I’ve been singing its praises ever since. A beautiful accomplishment, Feldman’s debut novel has it all, as I cataloged in an Inbox/Outbox last December: “Jewish folklore. Family secrets. Hidden identities. Hidden notebooks. Bitter estrangements. The pastâ€"pastsâ€"roaring up to meet the present.” It’s excellently written, cleverly plotted, generously felt, and just plain fun. So give yourself a great Hanukkah present this year and get a copy of The Angel of Losses to read, love, and share. -Derek Attig   The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jamison I started reading The Empathy Exams while sitting in the airport, waiting for a red-eye flight home. Even in the middle of a mental haze, I knew this was going to be one of those books that bent my brain and made me think in a new way. This essay collection is a wide-ranging look at empathy and the world of pain and suffering, but its not doom and gloom. Leslie Jamison is profoundly curious and willing to interrogate herself and others as she explores these issues. Ive shoved this book at more people than I can count because it was just so great. -Kim Ukura   Fourth of July Creek by Smith Henderson I wanted to rub my face all over it before I read it (because it feels really good), and then when I finished it I wanted to rub my face all over it so maybe some genius would be absorbed through my pores. Social worker, Pete Snow, tries to help a malnourished boy who lives in the Montana woods. He meets the kid’s dad and tries to help. Pete’s own life spins out of control, and he finds himself in the middle of a manhunt. Not only was this the best book I’ve read all year, it’s one of the best books I have EVER read. They hand out big shiny prizes for books like these. -Emily Gatlin Pointe by Brandy Colbert I’ve talked about this book left and right all year, and there’s good reason: it’s an example of exemplary-executed, memorable, and gut-punching YA. Theo is an elite black ballerina in a world where she stands out for that. Her best friend Donovan has just returned after being kidnapped four years ago, and when he comes back, everything that Theo dealt with in her past comes flooding back, as well. Pointe is about what happens when relationships aren’t what they seem, the value of friends you can rely on (as well as those you can’t), disordered eating, mental illness, and it features a knock-out voice. While there are a lot of things going on in the story, many relayed through Theo’s memory, they’re layered and braided together strongly. Theo is imperfect and flawed and rough and misguided and makes some really bad choices. But those things are what make her story compelling. This book, along with Isabel Quintero’s Gabi, A Girl in Pieces rest together on my shelf for killer realistic fiction in YA that I would recommend to anyone looking for some of the best of the best in 2014. -Kelly Jensen The Moon Sisters by Therese Walsh Ever since I read The Moon Sisters twice in March of this year, this book has stayed with me, in my heart, in my mind, and in my life. The Moon Sisters is the second novel by Therese Walsh, who I consider to be one of the best writers today. In alternating chapters, the story is told in first person by sisters Jazz and Olivia Moon, providing the reader direct insight into individual family members’ experience of the same situations. The Moon Sisters deals with loss, grief, family, sisterhood, and parenthood. Add to these explosive ingredients Olivia Moon, a headstrong young woman with synesthesia, who blinds herself by looking into the sun before she goes off on a roadtrip to fulfill one of her late mother’s dreams. -EH Kern   Lucky Us by Amy Bloom I loved Lucky Us so much I have not seen it since I read it it’s getting passed around to every single reader I know and I can only pray that it returns to me. The story is almost indescribable, but centers around two sisters, making their way in the World War II world, piecing together home, friends and family as they go along. The book is written in letters and in sort of fictional memoir. It’s got a whirlwind of a plot that zigs just when you’re sure it’s gonna zag: first it’s about the girls being deserted by their moms, running away from their dad, making it big in Hollywood, crapping out, returning to New York, finding love, taking on careers as showgirl, nanny, and tarot reader, acquiring childrenomg, and that’s just to start. What I might love most is the way Bloom touches on just about every aspect of the modern novel conceit, without stopping to really examine anything in too much depth, so the themes race relations, orphaned children, adultery, war, politics, sexuality are very present and vibrantly crucial to the story, but the story is about the characters, period, and while they are made up of their issues, there is always something more, something loving and wonderful, to keep you in the moment and waiting for the next. There’s a reason it was a Riot Read book. We loved it, you will too. -Alison Peters   The Martian by Andy Weir By all accounts, Andy Weir’s novel about a mission to Mars that lands one astronaut believed to be dead by his crew alone on the planet is not in my wheelhouse by any means. Sci fi, even hard sci fi, is a hard sell for me, despite my love for dystopian and post-apocalyptic fiction. But oh man, did it check all my boxes. It feels redundant to recap this book since it’s been ALL OVER the Riot this year. It came out in February, and while I had lots of favorites over the course of the year, this near-future sci-fi novel was the barometer by which I measured all others. The humor, the voice, the suspense will he make it or won’t he all marked the novel as the most entertaining book I read all year. And now that it’s being made into a movie (with Matt Damon starring as astronaut Mark Watney) I have even more reasons to shove it into everyone’s hands. And I do mean everyone The Martian is officially being added to my list of Swiss Army recommendations. -Rachel Manwill   The Sleeper And The Spindle by Neil Gaiman Always a fan of fairy tale retellings, this story was made even better by its beautiful illustrations by Chris Riddell. These illustrations enhance the book into something of a work of art, and a thing to treasure. But the story itself is also special and enchanting. Inspired by both Snow White and Sleeping Beauty, this is a tale that felt both timeless and empowering, with familiar parts of these traditional tale twisted around, and women as autonomous heroes and surprising villains. -Rah Carter   Liesmith by Alis Franklin I rarely read currently, as I have such a huge backlog of books that I want to read, so the fact that I pulled Liesmith right off the first email I got from NetGalley says a lot for how attracted I was to it. It had all the right ticks for me: interracial romance (technically interspecies, but we wont go into that), the protagonist is a Person of Color, there are fluid and thoughtful conversations about and concepts of sexuality, and the concept is based in a mythology that I didnt have a great deal of experience withso much so that I actually went back to read up on Norse Mythology. Add to that fascinating worldbuilding and excellent storytelling heavily infused with snark and adorableness, and its no wonder Im still thinking about it. Is this the most highly-acclaimed, award-winning book published this year? Doubtful. Is it my favorite from the past twelve months? Most definitely. -Jessica Pryde   The Fever by Megan Abbott Explorations of teen relationships that treat teen girls as actual human beings always fascinate me. I loved Dare Me and The End of Everything, so I just knew I’d love The Fever, too. I was very excited to get my hands on it, and once I did, I read it blazingly fast. Abbott’s writing is lovely and tense, and she perfectly captures the claustrophobic feeling of being a girl pulled in too many directions by different friend groups, family, and your own wants and desires. -Jeanette Solomon   Boy, Snow, Bird by Helen Oyeyemi Boy, Snow, Bird does the single most interesting thing in American letters: combine original style with the central American story, race. While Oyeyemis writing is unlike Morrisons, it leads to a similar place: graceful, profound, and transformative art about identity, oppression, and transformation. Oyeyemi has repeatedly taken the allegorical nature of fairy tales and used it against them by bringing them back to our twisted, knotty lives, with endings that exceed our desires even as they defy them. -Jeff ONeal The Wilds by Julia Elliott I had such a hard time picking my favorite book of 2014 so I chose The Wilds based on which author I’d like to read again. The creativity and unbridled view of the future is beautifully done in this Southern Gothic short story collection. I was fascinated by a short piece in which the elderly main character receives the help of robotic legs as she struggles with past romances. Another short is a bit more down to Earth, yet not so grounded at the same time a young girl goes on a slumber party and witnesses the death of a friend’s religiously zealous grandmother. This is wacky, bizarre content, but with a nice dose of realism even in the most absurd points. If you like Karen Russell, this is a good choice for you.  Tin House Books published the book and I can appreciate this, as well. This collection has a nice shot of quirkiness in it that isnt found everyday and Tin House is the perfect vehicle to bring Julia Elliotts work to readers. What surprised me about this collection thoug h was that it never felt like it was overly striving for a literary voice, which many short story collections are plagued with. Instead, it was something to be lost in. Of the books Ive read this year, this one made me want to read more and I look forward to her novel in 2015. -Jessi Lewis Jackaby by William Ritter William Ritters debut novel  Jackaby  was sold to me as Doctor Who meets Sherlock Holmes. This might be the most apt book pitch Ive ever heard. Take a dash of supernatural, mix it with the (good) Doctor-Companion dynamic and top it off with a preternaturally brilliant, but socially oblivious detective and you have the basic recipe for Jackaby. Im desperately hoping that this is the start of a series that I will get to enjoy for sequels to come. The titular character is the detective in question whom our narrator becomes attached to via employment as his investigative assistant. Abigail Rook escaped the life of proper ladyhood to run off on an archeological dig that proved fruitless. When her travels washed her up in America, she was desperate for income and a roof over her head, two things R. F. Jackaby and his supernatural roommates were willing to provide, provided she was willing to accept their reality. At its core, Jackaby is a supernatural murder mystery and it skillfully keeps you at bay whilst tossing out the occasional red herring. One thing I should point out that I particularly adored was (and mind you, this book is branded as Young Adult) it is not a romance! Brandi Bailey   Wolf in White Van by John Darnielle John Darnielle is my favorite songwriter, which is saying something for me considering that we live in a world that has Bruce Springsteen, and also since my brother is all the voice of his generation and stuff, so I was nervous going into this due to the potential it had to disappoint me (spoiler alert: it did not). It is, as often his songs are, a beautifully written, hopeful piece about a series of ugly, frightening things. It is about facial disfigurement and the difference between a childs imagination vs. an adults and role playing through the apocalypse and hospital stays and high school and court cases and what happens when your inner life becomes vastly more appealing than your outer existence, and its about trauma that youre forced to live with and trauma you have to let go of to live, and it is phenomenal. -Cristin Stickles   Love, Nina by Nina Stibbe Love, Nina is eccentric and British and literary and witty and domestic and unconventional… all things that I love. It’s the true story of a nanny in London in the eighties, who moves in with the formidable Mary-Kay Wilmers, the long-time editor of the London Review of Books, to help out with her two sons. The whole book is letters that Nina (the nanny) wrote home to her sister, providing a glimpse behind the scenes of literary life in 1980’s London complete with playwright and essayist Alan Bennett popping round for dinner. The New York Times compared it to 84, Charing Cross Road, and Nick Hornby called it funny and eccentric; for me it was an easy choice as my favorite new book of 2014. I already want to read it again. -Christy Childers   An Untamed State by Roxane Gay This year Roxane Gay changed the conversation about literature, feminism, and pop culture. Her debut novel, An Untamed State, has stuck with me more than anything else I’ve read this year. It tackles political, social, cultural, and sexual issues that are often brushed aside in literature, and does so with gasp-causing precision. The raw power of the prose will make you reexamine what it means to be truly afraid, while the prose itself is fearless. While you’ll likely camp out and finish this book in a day or two, it will stay with you. -Aram Mrjoian   One More Thing: Stories and Other Stories by B.J. Novak I didn’t really plan to read B.J. Novak’s short stories, but a friend picked me up a copy at a signing and I thought I’d give them a chance. I assumed this would be a celebrity vanity project, and I was so, so pleasantly surprised. The book is funny and smart and meta and is just on the edge of being too funny and too smart and too meta but never crosses the line. There was something about it that reminded me of some great midcentury humor writing, but it also felt very modern. My favorite stories in the bunch: “The Something by John Grisham,” “Kate Moss,” and “J.C. Audetat, Translator of Don Quixote.”   (Book that might have edged this one out for my favorite of 2014 if I had finished it before this deadline: Texts from Jane Eyre) -Jesse Doogan   All My Puny Sorrows by Miriam Toews (Agonizingly and narrowly beating out Into the Blizzard: Walking the Fields of the Newfoundland Dead by Michael Winter). It was my favourite at the mid-point of the year and it’s still my favourite now. This. Novel. Is. A. Triumph. (And it should have won the Giller, because the Giller people are ridiculous, but that’s ok I can forgive a lot of things.) -Brenna Clarke Gray   The Children Act by Ian McEwan This sobering, beautifully written novel is about a family court judge presiding over the case of a seventeen-year-old Jehovah’s Witness who refuses a life saving blood transfusion on religious grounds. In the hands of a lesser writer this kind of story could easily become an obvious religious freedom vs. child welfare debate, but of course McEwan is smarter than that and delivers a page turning and thought provoking weekend read. -Kate Scott   A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing by Eimear McBride I don’t know if it’s because I’ve been paying better attention, or if this year truly was a landmark year for books that dug deep into women’s experiences. At the very least, it was for me. There were so many stunners: All the Birds, Singing by Evie Wyld; The Dept. of Speculation by Jenny Offill; This One Summer by Jillian and Mariko Tamaki; Friendship by Emily Gould; Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay; The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jamison; The Girl in the Road by Monica Byrne; Boy, Snow, Bird by Helen Oyeyemi; I am hard-pressed not to turn this into a full-fledged recap of each and every one of them. But the one that was the hardest and most rewarding read, probably because it was the furthest outside my comfort zone, was A Girl is a Half-Formed Thing. Written in fragmentary prose which is not at all my usual jam it tells a story small in plot but incredibly powerful in emotion. The main character’s life has been shaped by her older brother’s lifelong illness and her mother’s conflicted but intense piety, and she’s fighting a losing battle to find personal freedom. It’s a glorious and painful read from the first page to the last. -Jenn Northington   The New Black edited by Richard Thomas This is an anthology of what the editor defines as “neo-noir.” I made the mistake when I started of both thinking that it was going to be the Raymond Chandler-type noir and, after reading the introduction, of thinking the stories were horror. I was wrong on both assumptions. This collection doesn’t have a single detective standing outside in the rain thinking about a broad that was more trouble than she is worth. What it does have, however, is a collection of stories that are all dark, and are all written by people possessed of talent. Roxane Gay’s story alone is worth the price of the book, as is Craig Wallwork’s. I’ve read a lot of anthologies this year (in fact, I think I read more anthologies than novels) and this, ladies and gentlemen, is the standout. Short story anthologies are like boxes of chocolate; you never like every piece, and people have different favorites. But The New Black, that’s the kind of chocolate box your mom would only buy at Christmas. A cut ab ove the rest. -Johann Thorsson   The Chocolate Temptation by Laura Florand I feel like I spent the entire year raving about Laura Florand, and this book is a perfect example of why. Set in a three-Michelin-starred pastry restaurant, Florand takes a traditional Cinderella-esque story and twists it around so that both the charming prince and the dogged heroine wind up being their own “fairy godmothers,” all while maintaining the story’s fairy tale sensibility. Some people don’t like Cinderella stories, but I personally love them, not to mention charming-but-inwardly-broody heroes, multicultural heroines (Sara Lin is half-Korean), and romances that directly address power imbalances between the hero and heroine. If the beginning and ending of this book hadn’t dragged out unnecessarily, The Chocolate Temptation would be on my shortlist of favorite books EVER, and not just of 2014. -Tasha Brandstatter   The Zone of Interest by Martin Amis Writing a comic novel about the Holocaust is certainly a gamble, and there’s no question this book (and Amis in general) isn’t for everybody. Both his French and German publishers balked, and I was skeptical. But The Zone of Interest is funny, affecting, smart, sad, sick, and disgusting. His three narratorsa mini-Eichmann running a fictional Auschwitz, a Teutonic-Romantic public-private liaison, and a Jew who helps in the extermination in exchange for some extra food and a bit more time to liverevolve and move about the camp, with little more plot than the quotidian insanity guiding the action. But quotidian insanity is one thing comic novels are good for, dark comic novels in particular. The whole time I read this book I was deeply aware it wasn’t for everyone. But I was also aware that it may have been the most moving thing I’d consumed about the Holocaust in a long time. -Nicole Perrin   Gunpowder Alchemy (Gunpowder Chronicles Book 1) by Jeannie Lin I enjoyed Lin’s Tang Dynasty historical romances, but I wasn’t exactly excited that she was branching out to steampunk fantasy. Steampunk is a genre that hasn’t really grabbed me: too many contraptions and infodumps, too little character and plot. But thankfully I put aside my reservations and gave Gunpowder Alchemy a try. Its set in a nineteenth century when gunpowder-based China’s Qing Dynasty has lost its precious harbors to England’s steam powered ships and airships. After the defeat, Jin Soling’s engineer father was scapegoated by the furious Emperor, leaving her to provide for her opium-addicted mother and young brother in a rural community far from their home in Peking. Gunpowder Alchemy follows Soling’s story as she sets out for the city to sell one of her father’s old trinkets, and quickly finds herself embroiled in political and military intrigue, a pawn in various schemes to advance her father’s work. I was fascinated by the richly detailed setting not j ust machinery, weapons and warfare, but culture, food, and dress and the way that Victorian England was made strange by being narrated from Chinese characters’ perspectives. Soling is a great heroine in the YA tradition: smart but naive, her experiences and interactions broaden and complicate her worldview. Is it worth restoring a tarnished family name in a corrupt society? Who should Soling trust when she’s not even sure what she should want? This is the first book I’ve read this year that I’ve confidently shared with my middle grade and teen sons and my historian husband. Gunpowder Alchemy was a thrilling surprise in every way. -Jessica Tripler Annihilation by Jeff VanderMeer It’s ridiculous how much I’ve talked about this book since I finished it last February. In that time, I’ve cornered family members, friends, certain trees, exotic snails, everyone, saying the same words every time: You Need To Read This. Area X is a strange and pristine wilderness that sprang into existence many years ago, and since it’s inception, has been studied by the Southern Reach, a shadowy government agency tasked with deciphering Area X and its intent. Annihilation follows the four women of the twelfth expedition, as they once more breach the wall between our world and Area X, and chronicle what they find there. There is fascination and dread from page one, as these four women try to understand the landscape of Area X and work to plumb its depths for the truth. What follows is a harrowing, terrifying, poignant and heartbreaking exploration into humanity’s relationship with the world around, and ultimately, our relationship to each other. I had to read this book slowly, like drinking a fine wine. Clocking in a little under two hundred pages, Annihilation can’t be rushed, nor should it. VanderMeer’s writing forces you to slow down, to notice everything, to work for every glimpse of understanding, every bit of truth to the real purpose of Area X. VanderMeer makes it look easy, flowing from moments of abject horror to deep and agonizing character study to exploration of the weird and uncanny. If you haven’t read Annihilation yet, please do, and come discover the haunting heart of Area X. -Martin Cahill Love Me Back by Merritt Tierce I love books about flawed people. I think about our collective flaws a lot, especially against the backdrop of our culture that’s so hungry to act as judge, jury, and executioner in the comments sections of the Internet. In Love Me Back, Marie is a self-destructive teen mother who loses custody of her infant daughter to the only man who ever loved her. Working odd jobs in restaurants around Houston, she keeps right on that path of sex, drugs, and self-destruction to the bitter end â€" girl just can’t keep her shit together. Love Me Back isn’t a happy story, but it’s a beautiful and true story. It’s a prayer to everything broken, vulnerable, and human in each of us. -Rachel Smalter Hall The Winter People by Jennifer McMahon This book didn’t get much hype, but it came out at the beginning of the year and I could not put it down. I read right through it in two days (which is very fast for me). It’s creepy, but not so scary that you can’t read at night. It keeps you guessing until the end, and there is something for those who love supernatural, mystery, historical fiction, and a little thriller/light horror. Now that it’s winter again, it’s the perfect time to pick up this book, curl up under some blankets, and give yourself a good thrill. Be prepared to not stop reading until the end! -Wallace Yovetich Faces in the Crowd by Valeria Luiselli What does it say that my three favorite books this year were all written by women? (And two-thirds of those written by non-U.S. authors.) Are publishers taking more chances on diverse voices? Are media outlets more willing to publicize writers who don’t look like a version of Jonathan Franzen? Whatever’s happening, let’s double down in 2015. Two of my Top Three of 2014 were chosen by other Rioters for this list. (Right on, Jenn and Kim!) My pick is the effortlessly modern, undeniably charming Faces in the Crowd. Open this book and you’re sure to connect with something in Valeria Luiselli’s bohemian storyline: Stifled creativity. Complicated relationships. Beauty. Art. Clogged toilets. Written in short, deceptively simple vignettes that vacillate between real time and flashbacks, Faces in the Crowd will engage you with such easygoing skill, you might not notice it’s pure genius. -Margret Aldrich What was your favorite book of 2014? ____________________ The Book Riot Store is here! Get your favorite Book Riot t-shirts, bookish totes, and other literary swag to wear, share, and show off!